Monitoring and managing floods and sediments are considered major challenges in the sustainable management of watersheds. Hence, an effective layout of the hydraulic structures across channels is considered as a measure to overcome these two challenges. This study was carried out in the Illanlu catchment in the northwest of Hamadan Province, Iran. A set of effective indices were identified and developed using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and fuzzy logic to model optimal location of sites for construction of the check dams. Based on the ability to construct the check dams e.g. access road and environmental constraints, the map was classified from very high to very low construction ability. In the study area, 26% of the catchment area was located in the very high and high classes, predominantly in the upstream sub-catchments, 13% in the very low class, and 62% in moderate and low ability ranges. Finally, by using superimposing method and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve the accuracy of developed spatial model estimated to be 70% and 73.5%, respectively.
