The integration of neural implants into the central nervous system presents unique challenges, primarily due to the complex interactions between implant materials and biological tissues. This article explores the pivotal role of proteins in modulating the biocompatibility of neural implants. Proteins present in the surrounding environment significantly influence the host response to implants, affecting key processes such as inflammation, cell adhesion, and tissue integration. We analyze how specific proteins can either enhance or hinder biocompatibility, with some promoting favorable cellular responses and others potentially leading to adverse effects like chronic inflammation or fibrosis. This article look at how proteins interact with the surface of the implant, adsorption kinetics and conformational changes that effect the properties of the surface. In defining these mechanisms, we gain insight into how to construct protein-altered surfaces that will increase the biocompatibility of neural prosthetic devices, which in turn will make them more efficient and safe in a clinical setting.
