Aim: Fire is one of the most critical ecological disturbances in rangelands that change vegetation and soil characteristics. Up to now, few studies have been conducted to study the short-term effects of fire on soil and vegetation in a semi-arid shrubland. The positive or negative effects of fire on soil and vegetation of rangeland have been investigated in this research. Materials and Methods: Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) content were selected as soil attributes and vegetation richness, diversity, and density (percent ground cover) as vegetation properties. Vegetation and soil sampling was performed based on a systematic randomized method along three transects (The length of transects in control and the burnt area was 100 m and the distance between each plot was 10 m). Information about vegetation traits (production, density, diversity, richness, and evenness) was recorded in a 1 m2 plot. Soil samples were taken at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm by an auger. Findings: Compared to unburnt rangeland, the percentage of vegetation (16.30 %), production (20.47 Kg.ha-1), and density of vegetation (6.74 %) in the burnt region have been decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the burned and unburnt areas in terms of diversity and richness indices and the average values obtained in the unburnt area (1.66, 0.79, 2.44, 1.99, and 0.14 for Shanon- Wiener, Simpson, Margalef, Menhinick, and Simpson, respectively) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the burned area (1.36, 0.77, 1.92, 1.73 and 0.19 for Shanon- Wiener, Simpson, Margalef, Menhinick, and Simpson, respectively) (P<0.05). In the Simpson evenness index, no significant difference was observed between control and burned areas. Conclusion: The present study results had shown a significant decrease in species diversity and richness in burnt rangeland. There were not any positive effect
