In this research, the effect of Graphene and Borophene layers on CsSnCl3 and the performance of the Graphene/CsSnCl3/Borophene solar cell have been investigated. New hybrid structures consisting of Graphene, CsSnCl3 perovskite, and Borophene (GPB) have been introduced to present a suitable design for use in solar cells, sensors, and photovoltaic devices which are important in aerospace industry. The results show that the presence of Graphene and Borophene in GPB can reduce the bandgap by about 2 eV compared to pure CsSnCl3. The optical absorption of GPB is approximately three times higher than that of CsSnCl3. The refractive index, reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and electrical susceptibility of GPB have also been calculated, yielding significant results for these parameters. From a morphological perspective, bond lengths also appear to change. In fact, the Graphene and Borophene layers modify the charge carriers' quantum confinement and limit their degrees of freedom. The dielectric function analysis indicates a relationship between energy loss and structural anisotropy, which can be attributed to the presence of Borophene. Structural anisotropy in GPB could be key to the selective propagation of electromagnetic waves through the composite. The optical bandgap of the composite was calculated using the Tauc and DASF methods, and comparison with reports on CsSnCl3 shows an increase in this value in the introduced composite. Simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) and SCAPS-1D demonstrate promising performance for the proposed GPB/CdS/SnOx solar cells.
