This article aims at discovering the climatic factors, as the fundamental one, in shaping human dwelling, on urban neighborhoods. Natural environment and climate have been of great importance in the architecture and city construction of Iran, to the extent that they were regarded as the influential factors. Based on field research, life basics in urban neighborhoods, which are still alive, are identified and climatic factors are scrutinized to recognize the adaptation extend. To achieve the urban principle based on city studies, this research is performed in case. Therefore, Hamedan as one of the most compact zones of Iran with a mountainous cold climate is examined locally. The focus of research is on urban neighborhoods, passages and residentials, and general features of formation, orientation, settlement and establishment, full and empty combination along with material and construction system. The adaptation extent with climatic factors, radiation, wind flow, slope are examined, too.
