Rapid urbanization and population growth have led to numerous environmental problems, including air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, waste accumulation, and temperature increase. The increase in impervious surfaces due to construction leads to increased surface runoff and pressure on urban sewage systems, increasing the risk of flooding, especially in semi-arid cities that face water shortages. Green infrastructure, as a new solution, offers socio-economic (such as improving education, strengthening communication, and attracting tourists), environmental (reducing pollution and conserving water resources), and hydrological (runoff management) benefits. This study aimed to investigate the benefits and challenges of green infrastructure in semi-arid cities, using a literature review method. For this purpose, a review of the scientific literature related to this topic was conducted, and articles that were directly or indirectly related to the research topic were selected and analyzed. The results show that green infrastructure, despite its many benefits, faces challenges such as high initial costs, the need for continuous maintenance, soil and pest issues, and the need for...
