In the context of rapid urbanization, ensuring urban quality of life stands as the most critical challenge. The mitigation of CO2 emissions through Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) has garnered significant attention. This study evaluates the carbon sequestration potential in the urban area of Hamadan, assessing both the supply and demand sides. Natural factors such as soil and vegetation within UGSs, including trees, shrubs, grass covers, and litter, are identified as carbon absorbers, representing the supply of carbon sequestration. The demand for carbon sequestration is evaluated based on CO2 and CH4 emissions from various sectors including agricultural, residential-commercial, industrial, and transportation. Employing neighborhoods as analytical units, a Zonal Statistical analysis delineates the share of carbon supply and demand. The supply-to-demand ratio is standardized within a range of 0–100. Results reveal that UGSs in Hamadan have a total carbon storage and sequestration potential of 411,467 tons, distributed across soil (312,047 tons), tree covers (69,293 tons), shrub species (20,973 tons), grass covers (8383 tons), and litter (771 tons). Predominantly, CO2 emissions in Hamadan emanate from the residential-commercial sector, primarily due to natural gas consumption, followed by transportation, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Disparities between supply and demand are evident across neighborhoods, with some exhibiting surplus supply necessitating management and protection of UGSs, while others face a deficit, calling for strategic planning and design interventions. An integrated approach encompassing planning, creation,
