In this work, graphene oxide (GO) and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid–Graphene oxide (AMPA–GO) adsorbents were prepared by the modified Hummers method. The effect of several parameters such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, and temperature on adsorption of strontium was investigated. The results showed that experimental data was fitted well by Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of Sr ions with GO and AMPA–GO adsorbent was 122.36 and 142.39 mg g−1 at a pH of 2.0 and a temperature of 45 °C, respectively.