The growing global demand for advanced energy storage technologies has intensified the search for high performance electrode materials to enhance supercapacitor efficiency. This study addresses the critical need to improve both the capacitance and stability of such materials. The core research question investigates whether the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into metal oxide matrices can significantly enhance their electro chemical performance. A novel, simple, and rapid one-step co-precipitation method was developed to synthesize three metal oxide-based electrode materials BaTiO3, MnO2, and CoO along with their respective GO composites: BaTiO3-GO, MnO2-GO, and CoO-GO. Structural and surface characteristics were systematically examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Electrochemical performance was evaluated to compare capacitance values. MnO2 exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 1986 F/g, followed closely by MnO2-GO at 1900 F/g. BaTiO3-GO showed a significant improvement (1030.2 F/g) over pure BaTiO3 (270 F/g), indicating the positive effect of GO incorporation. Conversely, CoO and CoO-GO delivered low capacitances of 22 F/g and 15 F/g, respectively. The study highlights the effectiveness of GO incorporation in enhancing the electrochemical performance of metal oxide electrodes, especially MnO2 and BaTiO3. These findings suggest that MnO2-GO holds strong potential for use in next-generation supercapacitor technologies due to its high capacitance and stability.
