One of the most challenging tasks for geotechnical engineers is modeling a tunnel affected by a fault because of unseen activities underneath the soil. In recent years, tunnels affected by fault ruptures have been one of the significant exciting research subjects for geotechnical engineers due to the massive distortion of tunnels worldwide because of fault ruptures. There are two ways to evaluate the effect of fault rupture on the tunnel, fabricating a physical model in a laboratory and evaluating the effect of monitoring the reaction and deformation of soil and using software to simulate the same aspects with different soil properties that may not be possible in a laboratory (such as limestone). This paper provides a study of methods that have been built in laboratories. Generally, the model can be fabricated in two ways in laboratories, using the centrifuge model or 1g model methods. Boundary conditions and soil properties are the most important facts to be followed for an accurate physical model. This paper is aimed to collect and review physical models that other researchers have used.
